Parametric simulations, sampled from a 15-parameter design space using the Latin Hypercube technique, were performed and metamodels of the HBM responses were developed. The Life Years Lost metric, which incorporates the risk of injury and long-term disability to different body regions, was used as the optimization objective function. To optimize the components of restraint systems for protecting obese (BMI = 35 kg/m²) and normal BMI (BMI = 25) human body models (HBMs) in frontal crash simulations, and to compare the two optimized designs. Therefore, simple and effective interventions by health professionals are required that are tailored to pregnant women. The influencing factors identified may be improved by safety education. There is a need for further development of passive safety technologies for restraint and active safety features to slow down vehicles and mitigate collisions. For non-pregnant women, rear seat position, airbag deployment, multiple collisions, rollover, force from the left, and higher collision velocity had a positive influence on the likelihood of AIS 2+ injuries, and seatbelt use and force from the rear had a negative influence. In pregnant women, the rate of sustaining abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores 2+ injuries was higher for the abdomen only. Pregnant women showed less severe collisions, fewer fatalities, and less severe injuries in most body regions than non-pregnant women. Using 2001–2015 records from the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System, we selected 736 pregnant women and 21,874 non-pregnant women having any anatomical injuries. We compared the independent predictive factors for moderate and severe injuries, along with characteristics and outcomes of motor vehicle collisions, between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Our results suggest that for restrained pregnant women sitting in the rear seat, the severity of abdominal injuries and the risk of a negative fetal outcome depend on the collision velocity. Therefore, for restrained pregnant women sitting in the rear seat, stronger forces may apply to the lower abdomen during a high-velocity frontal collision. The differences in the lap belt loads were 1119 N at 29 km/h and 1981–2365 N at 48 km/h. The belt loads were higher for the MAMA IIB than for the Hybrid III because the MAMA IIB had a higher body mass than the Hybrid III. The overall kinematics of the dummy, resultant acceleration at the chest, transrational acceleration along each axis at the pelvis, and loads of the lap belt and shoulder belt were examined. Sled tests were conducted at 29 and 48 km/h with pregnant and non-pregnant dummies (i.e., MAMA IIB and Hybrid III). This paper analyzes the kinematics and applied forces of pregnant and non-pregnant women dummies sitting in the rear seat during a frontal vehicle collision to determine differences in the features of abdominal injuries.

Joyson safety systems